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King Ludwig I built the Feldherrnhalle on Munich’s Odeonsplatz in the 1840s to honor the Bavarian army. On November 9, 1923, Hitler’s Beer Hall Putsch collapsed in front of it under fire from the Bavarian State Police, leaving 16 marchers and four police officers dead. After taking power in 1933, the Nazis turned the hall’s east side into a memorial to their dead, designed by Paul Ludwig Troost and watched around the clock by an SS honor guard.
This photograph shows the memorial in full. A bronze eagle and wreathed swastika crown the tablet listing the 16 names, a beribboned wreath rests on the steps, and three more wreaths hang along the wall below. Two helmeted guards in long greatcoats stand at attention with rifles shouldered.
Passersby were expected to give the Nazi salute here, and many Munich residents slipped down the Viscardigasse behind the hall to avoid it, earning the lane the nickname Shirkers’ Alley. Local people smashed the memorial on June 3, 1945, and bronze cobblestones in the Viscardigasse now mark that quiet refusal.
Historical details are based on my own research into names, places, and postmarks. Buyers are encouraged to verify them independently.
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