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Richard B. Bennett

For other people named Richard Bennett, see Richard Bennett (disambiguation).

Richard Bedford Bennett, 1st Viscount Bennett, PC, KC (July 3, 1870 – June 26, 1947), was a Canadian lawyer, businessman, philanthropist, and politician who served as the 11th prime minister of Canada from 1930 to 1935.

The Right Honourable

The Viscount Bennett

PC KC

Bennett c. 1930–1935

11th Prime Minister of Canada

In office

August 7, 1930 – October 23, 1935

Monarch

George V

Governors General

The Viscount Willingdon

The Earl of Bessborough

Preceded by

W.L. Mackenzie King

Succeeded by

W.L. Mackenzie King

Leader of the Opposition

In office

October 23, 1935 – July 6, 1938

Preceded by

W.L. Mackenzie King

Succeeded by

Robert Manion

In office

October 12, 1927 – August 7, 1930

Preceded by

Hugh Guthrie

Succeeded by

W.L. Mackenzie King

Leader of the Conservative Party

In office

October 12, 1927 – July 7, 1938

Preceded by

Hugh Guthrie (interim)

Succeeded by

Robert Manion

Minister of Finance

In office

August 7, 1930 – February 2, 1932

Prime Minister

Himself

Preceded by

Charles Avery Dunning

Succeeded by

Edgar Nelson Rhodes

In office

July 13, 1926 – September 25, 1926

Prime Minister

Arthur Meighen

Preceded by

Henry Lumley Drayton (acting)

Succeeded by

James Robb

Minister of Justice

In office

October 4, 1921 – December 28, 1921

Prime Minister

Arthur Meighen

Preceded by

Charles Doherty

Succeeded by

Lomer Gouin

Member of the House of Lords

Lord Temporal

In office

June 12, 1941 – June 26, 1947

Hereditary Peerage

Preceded by

Peerage created

Succeeded by

None

Member of Parliament

for Calgary West

In office

October 29, 1925 – January 28, 1939

Preceded by

Joseph Tweed Shaw

Succeeded by

Douglas Cunnington

Member of Parliament

for Calgary

In office

September 21, 1911 – December 16, 1917

Preceded by

Maitland Stewart McCarthy

Succeeded by

District abolished

Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta for Calgary

In office

March 22, 1909 – 1911

Succeeded by

Thomas Tweedie

Leader of the Alberta Conservative Party

In office

1909–1910

Preceded by

Albert Robertson

Succeeded by

Edward Michener

In office

1905–1905

Preceded by

Position established

Succeeded by

Albert Robertson

Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories for West Calgary

In office

November 4, 1898 – 1905

Preceded by

Oswald Critchley

Succeeded by

District abolished

Personal details

Born

Richard Bedford Bennett

July 3, 1870

Hopewell Hill, New Brunswick, Canada

Died

June 26, 1947 (aged 76)

Mickleham, Surrey, England

Resting place

St. Michael's Churchyard, Kingdom

Political University (LL.B., B. Bennett's voice

Duration: 1 minute and 46 seconds.1:46

R. B Bennett giving his farewell speech to Britain following the 1930 Imperial Conference

Bennett was born in Hopewell Hill, New Brunswick, and grew up nearby in Hopewell Cape. He studied law at Dalhousie University, graduating in 1893, and in 1897 moved to Calgary to establish a law firm in partnership with James Lougheed. Bennett became very rich due to the law practice, various investments, and taking on leadership roles in multiple organizations; he was one of the wealthiest Canadians during his time. On the political side, Bennett served in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories from 1898 until 1905, when he briefly held the post as the inaugural leader of the Alberta Conservative Party. He later served in the Alberta Legislature from 1909 to 1911, resigning upon his election to the House of Commons. Bennett declined to run for reelection in 1917, but briefly served as minister of justice under Arthur Meighen in 1921. He returned to the Commons in 1925, and served briefly as minister of finance in Meighen's second government in 1926. Meighen resigned the Conservative Party's leadership after his defeat in the 1926 election, with Bennett elected as his replacement in 1927. Thus, Bennett became leader of the Opposition.

Bennett became prime minister after the 1930 election, where the Conservatives won a majority government over William Lyon Mackenzie King's Liberal Party. Bennett's premiership was marked primarily by the Great Depression. He and his party initially tried to combat the crisis with laissez-faire policies, but these were largely ineffective. He was also unsuccessful in establishing an imperial preference free trade agreement. Over time, Bennett's government became increasingly interventionist, attempting to replicate the popular "New Deal" enacted by Franklin Roosevelt in the United States. This about-face prompted a split within Conservative ranks, and was regarded by the general public as evidence of incompetence. Still, he left lasting legacies in the form of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) and the Bank of Canada.

Bennett suffered a landslide defeat in the 1935 election, with King returning to power. Bennett remained leader of the Conservative Party until 1938, when he retired to England. He was created Viscount Bennett, the only Canadian prime minister to be honoured with elevation to the peerage. Bennett is ranked as a below-average prime minister among historians and the public.