1,031 Page 2014 USDA Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual Version 5 on Data CD For Sale

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CONTENTS of PDF:

PREFACE
Laboratory data are critical to the understanding of the properties and genesis
of a single pedon, as well as to the understanding of fundamental soil relationships
based on many observations of a large number of soils. The development of
an analytical database and the soil relationships based on those data are the
cumulative effort of several generations of soil scientists.

The purpose of Soil Survey Investigations Report (SSIR) No. 42, Kellogg Soil
Survey Laboratory Methods Manual, is to document methodology and to serve as
a reference for the laboratory analyst. This document is expected to continue to
change over time as new knowledge and technologies result in the development
of new methods and the modification or retirement of old methods. This manual
documents current methods and archives obsolete methods. It provides a
historical perspective, documenting the contributions of many soil scientists
who have gone before us. Many of these scientists are noted in the section on
contributors.

Dr. Rebecca Burt, author of the Soil Survey Information Manual (SSIR No.
45, 2011), served as technical editor for all versions of SSIR No. 42 (1989, 1992,
1996, 2004, and 2014). Her contribution was significant in scope. She wrote
some of the methods; was responsible for the review process, encompassing
additions, corrections, and consistency of other methods; and provided leadership
in assembling this document.

FOREWORD
The standard methods described in Soil Survey Investigations Report (SSIR)
No. 42, “Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual,” are those used by
the Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory (KSSL), National Soil Survey Center (NSSC).
Included in SSIR No. 42 are descriptions of both current and obsolete methods, all
of which are documented by method codes and linked with analytical results that
are stored in the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) Soil Characterization
Database. This linkage between laboratory method codes and the respective
analytical results is reported on the KSSL data sheets.

The methods currently in use at the laboratory are described in enough detail
that they can be performed at many laboratories without reference to other
sources. An introduction to each group of related methods describes common
characteristics. However, some repetition is included in each method description
to make them complete in themselves and to minimize the need to reference to
other parts of the manual.

Some analytical results in the NCSS Soil Characterization Database were
obtained using procedures that are no longer used at the KSSL. Descriptions
for these procedures are located in a section following the current methods.
Information is not available to describe these procedures in the same detail as
used to describe the current methods.

Since the publication of the SSIR No. 42 in 1996, the number and kinds
of methods performed at the laboratory have increased significantly, resulting in
a re-structuring of the method codes. The past and current method codes are
hierarchical and alphanumerical. The code structure for the obsolete methods,
however, allowed only a maximum of four characters, e.g., 6A2b. The new
structure allows more characters, carrying more information about each method,
e.g., particle-size and sample-weight basis for reporting data. This version of
SSIR No. 42 includes not only the new method codes but also the older codes.
This linkage between the two code systems is important to maintain because the
older codes are reported in many older data sheets and scientific publications.
The KSSL data have historically been provided in printed reports, e.g., Primary
and Supplementary Characterization Data Sheets, and later on electronic media,
such as tapes and disks.

As in the past, this version of SSIR No. 42 assigns method codes and
described methods only for those data reported on the Primary Characterization
Data Sheets. With the exception of some KSSL primary analytical data
that are included for user convenience, the Supplementary and Taxonomy
Characterization Data Sheets show derived data, using analytical data as a basis
for calculation, and do not carry method codes. Data on the Supplementary and
Taxonomy Characterization Data Sheets are not described in this manual. For

more detailed information about the calculation and application of these derived
values, refer to the other important source documents that are provided by the
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service
(USDA–NRCS), and referenced in this manual.

The methods described herein identify the specific type of analytical or
calculated data. Most of the methods are analytical in nature, i.e., they provide
quantitative or semi-quantitative measurements, and include physical, chemical,
mineralogical, and biological analyses. Sample collection and preparation in
the field and the laboratory are also described. Historically, SSIR No. 42 has
described some derived values, e.g., coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE)
and water retention difference (WRD), and reported these values along with the
analytical data on the Primary Characterization Data Sheets. This version of
SSIR No. 42 follows this tradition. Since the publication of SSIR No. 42 in 1996,
several more derived values have been added to the Primary Characterization
Data Sheets. Although these data have been assigned method codes, detailed
descriptions are not included in this version of SSIR No. 42. For more detailed
information about the calculation and application of these derived values, refer
to other important source documents that are provided by USDA–NRCS and
referenced in this manual.

The purpose of this manual is to document methodology and to serve as a
reference for the laboratory analyst. The standard methods described in this
version (5.0) replace all earlier versions of SSIR No. 42 (1989, 1992, and 1996,
respectively) and SSIR No. 1, “Procedures for Collecting Soil Samples and
Methods of Analysis for Soil Survey” (1972, 1982, and 1984). All KSSL methods
are performed with methodologies appropriate for their specific purpose. The
KSSL standard operating procedures are standard methods, peer-recognized
methods, KSSL-developed methods, and/or methods specified in “Keys to Soil
Taxonomy” (2014). This manual also serves as the primary document from which
a companion manual, Soil Survey Laboratory Information Manual (SSIR No. 45,
2011), was developed. SSIR No. 45 describes in greater detail the application of
KSSL data.

Rebecca Burt, Editor
Research Soil Scientist
Soil Survey Research and Laboratory
USDA–NRCS
Lincoln,