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Israel Meir (HaKohen) Kagan (January26, 1839 – September 15, 1933), known popularly as the Chofetz Chaim (Hebrew: חפץ חיים, HafetzChaim),was aninfluential rabbi of the Musar movement,[1] a Halakhist, posek, and ethicistwhose works continue to be widely influential in Jewish life.
Biography
Kagan was born in Dzyatlava, GrodnoGovernorate, Russian Empire (today Belarus), on January 26, 1839, and died inRadun\', Wilno Province in Poland (now Belarus) on September 15, 1933. Hissurname, Poupko, is not widely known.[2] His home town, Dzyatlava, was oncenamed Zdzięcioł when it was part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth untilthe time of the partitions of Poland. When Kagan was ten years old, his fatherdied. His mother moved the family to Vilnius in order to continue her son\'s education.While in Vilnius, Kagan became a student of Rabbi Jacob Barit.[citation needed]Kagan\'s mother later remarried (Epstein) and moved to Radin. At 17, he marriedthe daughter of his stepfather, and settled in Radin.
He served as the town rabbi of Radinfor a short period. He then resigned from this position to establish theyeshiva in the city, which eventually became world-famous. By all accounts hewas a modest and humble man. For a while he had a shop selling householdprovisions, which his wife managed.[3] However, the business was not successfuland he turned to teaching in order to support himself and his family. From 1864to 1869 he taught Talmud in Minsk and Washilishok.[4]
In 1869, he formed a Yeshiva in Radin.The Yeshiva was a success and grew to prominence, later becoming known as\"Yeshivas Chofetz Chaim of Radin\". In addition to spreading Torahthrough his yeshiva, Kagan, who became known as the Chofetz Chaim, was veryactive in Jewish causes. He traveled extensively to encourage the keeping ofthe Mitzvot amongst Jews. He became one of the most influential rabbis withinOrthodox Judaism during the late 19th and early 20th century, taking a centralleadership role in the World Agudath Israel movement in Eastern Europe.
Although the anti-religious attitudeswhich pervaded Zionism greatly distressed him, Kagan initially refused tobecome personally involved in the matter and refrained from publicly denouncingthe movement. When his views became known, he cautioned his students about joiningthe Zionists[5] and declared its political aims as being contrary to theTorah.[6][7][8][9] He nevertheless cherished the Holy Land and in 1925 it wasannounced that he would be leaving Warsaw with his daughter and son-in-law topermanently settle in Petach Tikvah, Palestine.[10] Upon discovering his plans,prominent rabbis and yeshiva deans persuaded him to remain in Radun[11] and hedied there on September 15, 1933 aged 95.[12]
Many other Jewish religiousinstitutions throughout the world also bear his name. One American yeshivanamed in his honor is the Yeshivas Rabbeinu Yisrael Meir HaKohen centered inQueens, New York founded by his great nephew, Rabbi Dovid Leibowitz, withseveral branches in the United States, Canada, and Israel. The Chofetz Chaim\'steachings have inspired some English-speaking American Jews to establish theChofetz Chaim Heritage Foundation, dedicated to the dissemination of histeachings to Jewish communities around the world. An Orthodox kibbutz in Israelwas named in his honor.
The house of the Chofetz Chaim inRadin, was disassembled, moved to Lithuania, and later transported to the USA.This fact became the ground for a criminal case which is as of December 2012 incourt in Belarus.[citation needed]
During his lifetime he was veneratedby Jews and non-Jews alike. Orthodox Jews across the world viewed him as one ofthe 36 saints[13] and Polish farmers were said to have lured him into theirfields believing his feet would bring blessing to their crops.[14]