140 page ROAD CONSTRUCTION Concept Concrete Pavement PowerPoint Presentation CD For Sale

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Includes the Adobe Acrobat Reader for reading and printing publications.

Numerous illustrations and matrices.

Contains the following key public domain (not copyrighted) U.S. Government publication(s) on one CD-ROM in both Microsoft PowerPoint and Adobe Acrobat PDF file formats:

TITLE: Road Construction I, II and III, 140 slides

SLIDE TOPICS, SUBTOPICS and CONTENTS:

Road Construction I: General Concepts
Quality Assurance Representative Training
May 2007
Outline
Typical pavement cross-sections
Drainage
Retaining walls
Asphalt concrete – mixture designPavement Types - Rigid
Pavement Types - Flexible
Pavement Types - Flexible
Pavement Types - Flexible
Asphalt Pavements - Terms
Subgrade - the foundation of the pavement that may be:
Natural, in-place material
Compacted fill
Section 02300
Asphalt Pavements - Terms
Subbase course - provides:
load distribution to the subgrade
frost protection
economy
Section 02721
Asphalt Pavements - Terms
Base course - a layer directly beneath the surface course to
distribute loads
provide drainage and provide frost protection
Section 02722
Asphalt Pavements - Terms
Surface course - a structural surface designed to resist the effects of
tire pressures
weather
abrasion
Section 02741
Asphalt Pavement Types
Typical Cross Section
Measuring Crown Slope
Typical Cross Section
Stone Culvert
Stone Culvert
Stone Culvert
Stone Culvert
Concrete Culvert
Pipe Installation in Trench
Soils – Ease of Compaction
Compaction in Small Areas
Flowable Fill (Controlled Low-Strength Material)
Pipe Installation on Embankment
Headwall for 600 & 800 mm Walls
Retaining Walls
Retaining Walls
Retaining Walls
Retaining Walls
Why drainage is so important
Retaining Walls
Drainage
Shaping Ditches
Drainage
Stone Work
Drainage
Curb and Gutters
Drainage
Durability of Curbs
Soil Compaction Equipment
Variables influencing effectiveness
Gross weight
Drum or tires or “feet”
Vibratory versus static
Speed
Number of passes
Soil Compaction Equipment
Smooth drum
Vibratory most effective
Static for sealing
Soil Compaction Equipment
“Footed” Rollers
Kneading action
Compacting from bottom to top (walking out)
Soil Compaction Equipment
Rubber-tired roller
Effective for most soils (but not highly plastic soils)
Finds weak spots!
Tire pressure is important
Effectiveness of Roller Types
Don’t Compact in Snow
Asphalt Mixture Design
“Job mix formula”
50-blow versus 75-blow
Aggregate information
Binder type (penetration)
Asphalt cement
bitumen
Percent binder
Asphalt Mixture Design
Penetration Grading
60-70 is common
Asphalt Mixture Design
Asphalt Mixture Design
Asphalt Mixture Design
Discussion
Road Construction II: Materials
Quality Assurance Representative Training
May 2007
Aggregates and Soil
Particle sizes and distributions
Crushing
Aggregate properties
Relative density (Proctor)
Liquid and plastic limits
Unified Soil Classification System
Portland cement concrete – mixture proportioning
Particle Sizes
Boulder – average dimension >= 305 mm
Cobble – average dimension = 76 to 305 mm
Coarse Aggregate (gravel) – retained No. 4 sieve (4.76 mm)
Fine Aggregate – retained No. 200 sieve (0.075 mm)
Silt and clay – passing No. 200 sieve (0.075 mm)
U.S. Department of Agriculture: clay < 0.002 mm
Particle Size Distributions
Aggregate Crushing
Aggregate Production
Aggregate Production
Sieving
Sieve Numbers
Aggregate Gradation
Aggregate Gradation
Aggregate Soundness
Five cycles (typical) of wetting and drying
Calculate % loss
Applicable to various sieve sizes
LA Abrasion
500 revolutions (typical)
Sieve over No. 12 (1.70-mm) sieve
Calculate % loss
Flat and Elongated Particles
Laboratory Compaction
Modified Proctor (typically 152 mm diameter)
5 layers, 56 blows each
4.54 kg rammer
457 mm drop
Volume = 2125 cm3
Energy = 2,700 kN-m/m3
Moisture-Density Curve
Field Density
Unified Soil Classification System
Adapted from the Airfield Classification System
Grouping is based on engineering properties
Relies on two basic properties:
Gradation for < 75 mm
Plasticity of minus No. 40 fraction
Unified Soil Classification System
Fine-Grained Soil
USCS – fine-grained soil
USCS – coarse-grained soil
Coarse fraction: > #200
USCS – coarse-grained soil
USCS – coarse-grained soil
Portland Cement Concrete
Portland Cement – ASTM C 150
Type I = ordinary
Type III = high-early strength
Type V = high sulfate resistance
Portland Cement Concrete
Compositional requirements
Ask for mill test certificate
Physical requirements
Good for quick checks on variable cement sources
Portland Cement Concrete
Design strength (f’c) versus
Required target strength (f’cr) for supplier
Portland Cement Concrete
rock : sand : cement
~ 3 : 2 : 1 (by volume)
Portland Cement Concrete
Accurate Mix Design
Absolute material volumes
ACI 211.1
Trial batches
Slump
Air
Temperature
Unit weight
Strength
Portland Cement Concrete
Strength is highly dependent on w/c ratio:Water = “mixing water”
Excludes water absorbed by aggregate
Includes free water on aggregate surfaces
Portland Cement Concrete
Coarse Aggregate
Largest control
Drying Cement Concrete
Mortar fraction
Sand, cement, and water
Must coat coarse particles
Shrinks as it gains strength
Provides lubrication
Must be air-entrained for freeze-thaw environment
Concrete Batch Plant
Concrete Batch Plant
Concrete Batch Plant
Concrete Batch Plant
Concrete Batch Plant
Concrete Batch Plant
Concrete Batch Plant
Surface moisture on aggregates contributes to water/cement ratio
Accounting for Aggregate Moisture
Moisture probes for aggregate near point of batching concrete
Temporary
Speedy or microwaveConcrete DeliveryDiscussion
Road Construction III: Asphalt and Surface and tack coats
Placement of asphalt concrete
Asphalt plantsAsphalt Concrete Pavements
Preparatory Meeting Discussion Issues
Equipment
Laydown Machine Control Testing
Timing
Number of Tests
Responsible Parties
Reporting
Test Section
Binders
Asphalt Cement (Bitumen)
Viscosity Grade: AC-20
Penetration Grade: 60-70
Emulsions – asphalt dispersed in water with help from an emulsifying agent (surface-active)
Cutbacks – asphalt made fluid by petroleum solvent (naphtha or kerosene)
No diesel!
Prime and Tack Coats
Prime on base (may or may not be required)
Tack on asphalt surface
Purpose is to bind pavement layers
Prime Coat
Emulsion
Cutback
Type depends on base porosity and air temperature
Rate of application = 0.7 to 1.8 liter/m2
Residual asphalt
Tack Coat
Emulsion
Cutback
Heated asphalt cement (bitumen)
High penetration grade to keep temperature requirement low
Rate of application = 0.2 to 0.7 liters/m2
Residual asphalt
Prime and Tack Coats
Important to have:
prepared surface,
proper application rate, and
sufficient cure time (24 to 48 hours)
Reduce amount of construction traffic on tacked surface as much as possible
Clean before placing HMA on top
Tack Coat
Tack Coat
Tack Coat
Tack Coat
HMA Laydown Operations
HMA Laydown Operations
Symptoms of Problems with Hot-Mix Asphalt
Blue Smoke
Stiff Appearance
Some Aggregates Not Coated with AC
Shiny, Wet Appearance
Liquid Asphalt Dripping from Haul Truck
Dull Brown Color
Steam
Segregation
HMA Laydown Operations
Common Temperatures
AC storage – 150 to 175 C
Aggregate – 145 to 160 C
Mixing – 130 to 165 C
Compaction – 85 to 165 C
Begin rolling at hottest temperature at which the mix will support the roller without moving horizontally (i.e. cracking).
Check Cracking
Purposes of Compaction
To prevent further densification under traffic (rutting)
To provide shear strength
To ensure mixture is waterproof
To prevent excessive oxidation of asphalt binder
3 Stages of Stages of Rolling
HMA Compaction
HMA Compaction
HMA Compaction
HMA Compaction
HMA Joints
HMA Joints
HMA Joints
HMA Joints
HMA Joints
HMA Joints – Weak Link
Hand Work
Smoothness
Field Density
Satisfactory HMA Paving
Proper Mix Design
Surface Preparation
Satisfactory Laydown Techniques
Sufficient Rollers and Satisfactory Rolling Techniques
Satisfactory Mixture Thickness
Satisfactory Joint Construction Techniques
Specification Section
Asphalt Plants
Batch plant
Drum Mix plant
Batch Plant
Batch Plant
Two places where aggregate gradation is controlled
Batch Plant
Batch Plant
Second place to control gradation
Batch Plant
Batch Plant
Drum Mix Plant
Drum Mix Plant
Calibrating Cold Feed
Calibrating Cold Feed
Discussion